I-Socialist Republic of Vietnam liquka amaphondo, zintlanu oomasipala, kwaye yayo eyinkunzi ngu HanoiKwi, France aqalisa conquest ka-Vietnam apho waphela ngowe, xa yokugqibela waba yinxalenye i-French Indochina.
Vietnam wavakalisa yayo ukuzimela emva kokuba Imfazwe Yehlabathi II, kodwa France ukuqhubeka umthetho de yayo yoyisa yi-Communist imikhosi ebelikhokelwa Ho Icht.
Phantsi Geneva Accords ka, Vietnam wahlulahlulwe kwi communist emntla kwaye antayi-communist afrika.
NATHI loqoqosho military aid kumzantsi Afrika Vietnam zinyuke nge-s kwi-i-umzamo bolster urhulumente, kodwa KUTHI armed imikhosi baba withdrawn ukulandela yekani-umlilo isivumelwano ngo. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Emntla Isivietnam imikhosi overran Afrika Vietnam reuniting lizwe phantsi communist umthetho. I-Isivietnam urhulumente sele demonstrated nomdla ukuzibophelela kunye nokuzinikela ekuqinisekiseni loluntu kwaye ezopolitiko uzinzo ngokunjalo kwezoqoqosho inkqubela, njengoko evidenced yi-nkqubo kwaye utshintsho uphunyezwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ukwaziswa kwe-Doi Moi (komhlaba) ngowe- sele ubeke Vietnam kwi indawo ukuphumelela kwaye kuchuma economically. Inkqubo esemthethweni ndlela phantsi uphengululo, njengoko demonstrated yi Siseko kwaye, ulwaphulo-Mthetho Umgaqo-Nkqubo Wokuziphatha. Ngaphezulu kutshanje, Vietnam waba th ilungu World Trade Umbutho (WTO). Ngezi entsha okwenzeke, Vietnam kwi inkqubo ukwenza yayo isemthethweni indlela ukuya kwi-nemigangatho yehlabathi kwaye ukumiselwa ezininzi ezintsha imithetho kwaye ifuna uncedo ukusebenzisa kwabo. Gama imithetho enxulumene isemthethweni aid kwaye amalungelo abaqondisi-mthetho, kakhulu, ngexesha nokunika amathuba amatsha, kanjalo ukwenza ngakumbi iimfuno soqeqesho, ngokomthetho abaqondisi-mthetho' elinolwazi lwezakhono. Inkqubo esemthethweni indlela lusekelwe communist isemthethweni inkumbulo kunye isifrentshi zasekuhlaleni umthetho indlela. Vietnam ubani u-tier inkundla indlela, wenza eenkundla ka-lokuqala isehlo kwaye iinkundla ka-isibheno. Inkqubo iqulathe lesiqu Abantu ke, Inkundla, Yephondo Abantu ke Iinkundla, kwaye Wesithili Abantu ke Iinkundla. Kukho specialized iinkundla ngomhla Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla, kwaye ngexesha yowiso-inqanaba.
Ezi ziquka, ulwaphulo-mthetho iinkundla, zasekuhlaleni iinkundla, kwezoqoqosho iinkundla, yolawulo kwiinkundla zamatyala kwaye basebenze iinkundla.
Enkundleni yamatyala ezantsi ngomhla wokuqala isehlo ingaba composed kunye lwabagwebi kwaye abantu ke jurors (idla omnye umgwebi kwaye abantu ababini ke jurors, Inqaku Wolwaphulo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi). Abantu ke jurors ngexesha ngalinye inqanaba ingaba kubeka abantu onyulwe ukuba abe Ngabantu ke Ibhunga efanayo umphakamo, ngomhla recommendation ye-Vietnam Fatherland Ngaphambili. Enye enkulu inyanga ka-nkxalabo enxulumene zizimele geqe kweenkundla ingaba unwritten amanqaku ka-wobulali iinkundla ukuba isicelo opinions ukususela superior iinkundla, kwi-complex amatyala. Wesithili-inqanaba abantu iinkundla kwaye jonga military iinkundla iya kuqhuba lokuqala-isehlo yovavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko involving ngaphantsi ezinzima offenses, ezinzima offenses kakhulu ezinzima offenses, kungabandakanywa ezimbalwa offenses ezifana okkt involving wesizwe zokhuseleko (Inqaku CPC). Isahluko V ngu abazinikeleyo ukuba kwalomgaqo-siseko Amalungelo Imisebenzi ye-Mmi, kwaye Inqaku amahlanu uqinisekisa ukuba Vietnam"yamalungelo oluntu kwi-ezopolitiko, civic, kwezoqoqosho, yenkcubeko kunye namaqonga imihlaba respected. Ngabo ezibonakaliswe ummi ke amalungelo zimiselwe ngumthetho-Siseko kunye nomthetho."Yolwaphulo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi (CPC) waba ikuvumile novemba. Isivietnam abemi banelungelo ifayile izikhalazo kwi-linalo igunya imeko-mandla, ngokuchasene wrongdoings ka-abantu kunye nee-arhente karhulumente. Ukuba babesokola ilahleko nokonzakala kwabo, baya anelungelo umonakalo othe kwaye zabo reputation uya kuba rehabilitated (Inqaku Const, Amanqaku, amashumi omnye CPC). Ngokunxulumene zombini-Siseko, ulwaphulo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi (Inqaku Const, kwaye Inqaku ezintlanu CPC), iingxoxo, ulwaphulo-mthetho iya kwenziwa ngokunxulumene nomthetho, kwaye kwi-siseko ukuze bonke abemi bayalingana phambi komthetho. Onke amaqela ukuba bonwabele efanayo amalungelo, ezifana unelungelo lokuba anike ubungqina, amaxwebhu kwaye iinjongo, ukwenza amabango, kwaye argue phambi kokuba inkundla (Inqaku nineteen CPC). Umtyholwa akayi uqwalaselwe benetyala de inkundla isihlalo uba zokugqibela (Inqaku Const, Inqaku ithoba CPC), kwaye kanjalo unelungelo lokuba ukuba ilungelo isaziso imirhumo (Inqaku amane anesithoba CPC), kwaye unelungelo ikhusele ngokwakhe okanye cela abanye abantu ukuba bakhusele kuye. Ephanda imizimba, procuracies kwaye iinkundla kuba ngumsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba detainees, umtyholwa kwaye defendants bawasebenzise ilungelo nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo. Ngokungqinelana ukuba inqaku -Siseko, abemi ezicingelwa inviolable, kwaye kubalulekile strictly kwalelwe usebenzisa zonke iifomu ka-ungcungcuthekiso, coercion, torture, kwaye ukwaphulwa komthetho babo imbeko kwaye isidima. Ngokunjalo, ethabatha umntu kwi, okanye ubambe kuye, custody kufuneka kwenziwe ingxelo epheleleyo ngqwalaselo umthetho. Abantu igcine kwi-custody uya kwaziswa ka-izizathu zabo custody, kwaye wachaza malunga zabo amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu. Baya kuvunyelwa ukuba bazikhusele okanye cela abanye abantu ukuba bakhusele kwabo, nokukhalaza malunga zabo custody, procedural izigqibo okanye izenzo i-imizimba kunye okanye abantu kunye inkqubo-ukwenza umsebenzi competence (Inqaku amane anesibhozo CPC). Arrest, custody, yethutyana detention, ban ukusuka ukuhamba ngaphandle okkt yokuhlala, guaranty, okanye idiphozithi imali inokuba kusetyenziswa ukunqanda yolwaphulo-mthetho xa kukho emidlalo proving ukuba umtyholwa okanye defendants babeya kubangela iingxaki ukuba uphando, prosecution okanye xolisa, okanye babeya kuqhubeka committing offenses (Inqaku CPC). Mthetho kufuna a warrant ekufuneka usetyenzisiwe, ngaphandle kokuba offenders ingaba ibambe red-zinikezelwe. I-arrestee unelungelo kwaziswa ye-izizathu ye-arrest, ngokunjalo nolwazi lwakhe afune ukwaziswa ngayo le nkqubo. Umntu kokuphumeza arrest kufuneka strictly ukusebenzisa umthetho, kwaye kwimeko violations unako zibambe okanye criminally netyala (Amanqaku, CPC). Yolwaphulo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi ichaza ukuba nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ucebisa kufuneka libekho ukususela ukuvulwa yolwaphulo-proceeding. Kwimeko i-arrest, nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso kufuneka libekho ukususela kwixesha custody izigqibo ingaba ekhutshwe. Noko ke, iimeko xa kuyimfuneko ukugcina imfihlo, isitulo ka-procuracies unokugqiba ukuvumela ukuthatha inxaxheba nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso iqala kwi termination of ukuba uphando (Inqaku CPC). Nawuphi na umntu othe waziva ababanjiweyo, ebibanjwe kwi-custody, prosecuted, wazisa ukuba yovavanyo kwi-komthetho linelungelo, ngokunxulumene-Siseko, umonakalo othe kuba nayiphi na imathiriyeli kwenzakala intlungu yakhe reputation uya kuba rehabilitated (Inqaku Cons). Iphendla kufuna a warrant ekufuneka usetyenzisiwe, ngokunjalo. Umzimba iphendla, ukukhangela ka-residences, esenza iindawo kwaye premises unako kwenziwa kuphela xa kukho emidlalo ukukholelwa ukuba kukho izixhobo, okanye ezinye iinjongo enxulumene ikhomishini le offense (Amanqaku, CPC). Confrontations kwaye identifications kufuneka kwenziwa ukulandela imigaqo kubonisiwe kwi Amanqaku kwaye lomgaqo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Wokuziphatha. I-interrogation ka-umtyholwa kufuneka bamthwala ngomhla ngu-investigators ngoko nangoko emva isigqibo wokwenza iingxoxo, ulwaphulo-mthetho. Investigators kufuneka ukufunda isigqibo kwaye ngokucacileyo zichaza ukuba umtyholwa yakhe amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu. Ngowe meko ezininzi umtyholwa, ngamnye kubo kufuneka questioned ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye abasayi kuvunyelwa ukuba uqhagamshelane omnye nomnye. Investigators azivumelekanga ukuba ukuziphatha interrogation ebusuku, ngaphandle kokuba xa kuthe ngenye indlela kunokwenzeka, kwaye kunikwe sele unikwe. Investigators okanye procurators abo extort zonyaka ukusuka umtyholwa okanye isicelo corporal isohlwayo ukuba umtyholwa kufuneka banike penal eyimali (Amanqaku, CPC).
Zingaphelanga iintsuku ezintathu emva isigqibo ukuya phambili kunye prosecution, procuracies lazise umtyholwa kwaye nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ucebisa.
Ngaphakathi zilandelayo iintsuku ezintathu, procuracies kufuneka thumela iifayile kwaye indictments ukuba iinkundla (Inqaku CPC).
Lo mthwalo ka-ubungqina bokuba ufumana phezu prosecution, kwaye defendant unelungelo hayi kuba banyanzeleka ukuba kuvavanya yakhe innocence (Inqaku ishumi CPC).
E-linge, defendants banelungelo isaziso imirhumo kwaye kwaziswa na isigqibo esiphathelele zabo meko.
Abo banelungelo inxaxheba ukuba inkundla iiseshoni, ukufumana iinkcazelo malunga yabo amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu, ukuba ikho amaxwebhu, ukuze azikhusele okanye cela abanye abantu ukuba bakhusele kwabo, ukuba ikho opinions, argue e inkundla iiseshoni ukuba ingaba zokugqibela mazwi phambi yokugqibela deliberation kwaye ukuba isibheno ngokuchasene izigwebo izigqibo kweenkundla (Inqaku amahlanu CPC).
Umtyholwa, defendant okanye zabo ezisemthethweni abameli banelungelo khetha kwezabo nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso.
Ukuba babe musa ukufuna isemthethweni uncedo, ephanda imizimba, procuracies okanye iinkundla kufuneka isicelo bar iimbumbano ukuba onyule nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso, ekufeni esangezelelweyo iimeko, minors, kwaye abantu ne-physical kwaye mental imiba. Omnye nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso babe ikhusele amaninzi abantu kwi-custody, umtyholwa okanye defendants enye kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba amalungelo izinto ezichaphazela abantu abanjalo asingawo conflicting. Umtyholwa kwaye defendant enokuba ngaphezu kwesinye nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso. Zingaphelanga iintsuku ezintathu ukususela ngomhla kufunyanwa izicelo ye-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso, ephanda imizimba, procuracies okanye iinkundla kufuneka cinga kwaye imali kuye nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ucebisa iziqinisekiso, ukuze enze imisebenzi yakhe (Amanqaku, CPC). Confessions ka-umtyholwa okanye defendants iya kuphela sithatyathwe njengoko evidences ukuba bayagwetywa engqinelana nomthetho ezinye evidences le amatyala. Confessions ka-umtyholwa okanye defendants kufuneka ingabi kusetyenziswa njengoko sole evidences kuba conviction (Inqaku CPC). Defendants, victims kwaye zabo ezisemthethweni abameli banelungelo isibheno ngokuchasene lokuqala-isehlo izigwebo okanye izigqibo (Inqaku CPC).
