Iyafana kwamanye amazwe', Isivietnamese, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho prescribes umyalelo nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-iziko, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko, uphando, prosecution, yovavanyo kwaye isigwebo uphumezo imisebenzi, imisebenzi namagunya procedural imizimba (investigative imizimba, iinkundla, procuracies) ngokunjalo zabo i-ubudlelwane phakathi amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu abantu abakwicandelo, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iinkqubo kunye urhulumente nee-arhente, loluntu organizations ngokunjalo abemiIyafana kwamanye amazwe', Isivietnamese, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho prescribes umyalelo nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-iziko, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko, uphando, prosecution, yovavanyo kwaye isigwebo uphumezo imisebenzi, imisebenzi namagunya procedural imizimba (investigative imizimba, iinkundla, procuracies) ngokunjalo zabo i-ubudlelwane phakathi amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu abantu abakwicandelo, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iinkqubo kunye nee-arhente karhulumente, loluntu organizations ngokunjalo abemi. Oko lijolise oluzenzekelayo kwi-oluchanekileyo kwaye swift uhlobo kwaye ukuba ndonwabe kwaye ngoko nangoko, ibandakanye wonke wolwaphulo-mthetho, hayi ayikho na offender okanye ngokwenza intswela-bulungisa kwi babemsulwa abantu, ukufaka isandla ukuba umyalelo wokhuselo ka-lezopolitiko regime, legitimate amalungelo izinto ezichaphazela abemi kwaye imfundo ka abemi ngendlela engqongqo ngqwalaselo umthetho. Ekubeni oldest umthetho isebe kwi-Vietnam, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho sele ndivuma kakhulu kwaphuhliswa ngokusebenzisa u-amathuba yayo ukususela ngoko nangoko emva kokuhluma i-victorious agasti Revolution: Nangona numerous iingxaki, kuquka nzima imfazwe zoko, emva agasti Revolution, apho wayibhukuqayo i-colonial regime kwaye wanika wokuzalwa ukuba abantu ngu-democratic republic, young revolutionary nolawulo, nangona ekubeni ukuba concentrate iinzame kwi combating domestic hostile imikhosi kwaye langaphandle iintshaba, ngokukhawuleza iqhotyoshelwe ukubaluleka ukuba formulation ka-procedural umthetho. Ukuze ngoko nangoko ndikhonza zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye obulalayo kwaye sikhusele yesizwe ukuzimela nokhuseleko ngokunjalo loluntu ukuze nokhuseleko, Democratic Republic of Vietnam Urhulumente promulgated uthotho decrees, kuquka Ummiselo Hayi. mahlanu omnye ka-aprili, ukucacisa uxanduva lwemimandla zemisebenzi ka-ephanda noomantyi, abatshutshisi kunye abaziintloko inani ulwaphulo-mthetho nemigaqo-nkqubo Nommiselo Hayi. elinanye kweyomqungu, prescribing i imisebenzi namagunya-matyala amapolisa Ummiselo Hayi ishumi elinesithathu ka-ngojanuwari, ukunikezela kuba regime abantu ke associate lwabagwebi kwi-xolisa, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko Ummiselo Ongunombolo ka-Meyi, ngokubonelela kuba regime abantu ke associate lwabagwebi kwi-septemba ye-regime abantu ke jurors ababe no Njengoko ngexesha lokuqala iqonga emva agasti Revolution, Democratic Republic of Vietnam Imeko yaba ayikwazi promulgate sanele isemthethweni amaxwebhu ukulawula ezahlukeneyo imiba yezentlalo ubomi, permitted i-yethutyana isicelo ezindala regime ke, imigaqo, kubandakanya, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iinkqubo, kodwa kwi-siseko ukuba abazange contravene ukuzimela ka-Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Ngeli xesha, Isivietnamese iinkundla baba umbutho kuqala kwi-isehlo iinkundla, yesibini-isehlo iinkundla kwaye iinkundla ka-isibheno.
Ngomhla wokuqala-isehlo inkundla, iijaji concurrently lwenziwa umsebenzi yovavanyo kwaye umsebenzi prosecution e inkundla iiseshoni.
Ngomhla wesibini-isehlo inkundla, kwakukho adjudicating lwabagwebi kwaye accusing lwabagwebi isenza umsebenzi ka - prosecution phantsi kolawulo abatshutshisi.
Ukulandela historic Dien Bien Phu victory ngowe, emntla Vietnam waba liberated kwaye liqale phezu ixesha socialist ukwakhiwa kwaye kumzabalazo wokulwela wesizwe reunification.
Kweli xesha, Democratic Republic of Vietnam Urhulumente promulgated a inani isemthethweni amaxwebhu kwi-mthetho nemigaqo-nkqubo, uninzi noteworthy apho kwakukho i- Meyi, Umthetho kwi abemi' amalungelo inkululeko umzimba kwaye inviolable amalungelo zokuhlala izindlu kwaye personal belongings kwaye ukubhala phezu kwayo kwaye juni, Umthetho ekuboneleleni kuba arrest abantu kwimeko kaxakeka kunye. Ezi uxwebhu oluneenkcukacha umyalelo nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-septemba, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko, aiming ukuba isiqinisekiso legitimate amalungelo izinto ezichaphazela abemi. Emva kokuhluma lizwe ngu-Siseko omtsha ngowe, Umthetho kwi Umbutho Abantu ke, Iinkundla kunye Nomthetho kwi Umbutho Abantu ke Procuracies baba promulgated, njengoko wayekhonza isemthethweni emidlalo kuba umbutho kwaye umsebenzi ka-investigative imizimba, iinkundla kunye procuracies ekuhambeni ka-septemba, ulwaphulo-mthetho amatyala. Ngenxa kubekho zolwaphulo mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo wokuziphatha, Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla, Supreme Abantu ke Procuracy kwaye Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nesebe ezisekelwe ngokwabo kwezi zimbini ngokutsha promulgated imithetho mba ezahlukeneyo circulars detailing, ulwaphulo-mthetho nemigaqo-nkqubo. Abafanelekileyo ka-qaphela baba ngoseptemba, Umjikelezo guiding ukulandelelana lokuqala-isehlo yovavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko, ngo-oktobha, Umjikelezo guiding ukulandelelana appellate yovavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko kwaye ngojuni, Umjikelezo guiding ukulandelelana cassation yovavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho amatyala. Phantsi kwezi imithetho circulars, Isivietnamese iinkundla baba ke umbutho e ezintathu amanqanaba: wesithili-inqanaba iinkundla, yowiso-inqanaba iinkundla kunye Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla, kunye wesithili - yowiso-inqanaba Abantu ke iinkundla empowered ukuze yenze imisebenzi yokuqala-isehlo yovavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho amatyala. I-appellate, cassation kwaye reopening iimvavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko wawa phantsi kolawulo yowiso-inqanaba Abantu ke, Iinkundla kunye Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla. Ukongeza, inkundla martial waba iqhotyoshelwe ukuba Supreme Abantu ke Kwinkundla adjudicate offenders ekubeni armymen Iijaji kwaye abantu ke jurors baba onyulwe ukuba abe yi-imo amandla imizimba (yowiso-mthetho kwaye Abantu ke, Amabhunga) efanayo inqanaba ngokungqinelana bazo tenures. Umsebenzi ka-prosecution wenziwa yi-procuracies ngexesha umsebenzi, ulwaphulo-mthetho uphando waba eyabelwe abanye nee-arhente Zokulungiselela-Wonke Ukhuseleko kunye Kubulungiseleli ka-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo, apho kwafuneka enze indictments phezu elokugqibela ka-uphando. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka wathi ukuba kunye zabo ndonwabe ngenkxaso ethile, izibonelelo kwi-mthetho nemigaqo-nkqubo, ngasentla-wathi isemthethweni amaxwebhu baba of ebalulekileyo significance kwi-inkqubo formulating yolwaphulo-nkqubo nomthetho kwi-Vietnam, ukudala isemthethweni emidlalo kuba lonke ityala lesi, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko iyanikela kwaye ukuba idabi lokulwa yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye okukhusela legitimate izinto ezichaphazela abemi. Emva kokuba eli lizwe kwakukho reunified ukulandela victory ye-antayi-NATHI imperialist umzabalazo wenkululeko, Indlu yowiso-mthetho ophunyezwe -Siseko we-Socialist Republic of Vietnam, ngoko ke u-entsha imithetho kwi-umbutho Abantu ke, Iinkundla kunye Nabantu ke Procuracies ngowe, ngokusekelwe-Siseko omtsha. Ngezi ezimbini ezintsha imithetho, iinkundla' kolawulo lwesixeko ukuba adjudicate, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko waba broadened kunye competence ukuze yenze imisebenzi cassation yovavanyo ye ngobuchule izigwebo ka-wesithili-inqanaba Abantu ke Iinkundla ngokongezelelweyo esinikwe yowiso-inqanaba Abantu ke Iinkundla. Le mithetho kanjalo elikhankanyiweyo umyalelo nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-reopening iimvavanyo ka-izigwebo athe wawa phantsi kolawulo yowiso-inqanaba abantu ke, iinkundla kunye Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla. Ngokusekelwe Umthetho kwi Umbutho Abantu ke, Iinkundla kunye Nomthetho kwi Umbutho Abantu ke Procuracies, Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla, Supreme Abantu ke Procuracy kwaye Kubulungiseleli Lobulungisa ekhutshwe a edibeneyo umjikelezo ngofebruwari, guiding kwi-inkcukacha cassation nemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nomnye edibeneyo umjikelezo efanayo umhla, okuchaza ukuziphatha nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-reopening yovavanyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho amatyala. Panoramically, kweli xesha, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iinkqubo bengengabo kanti codified, kodwa baba emiselwe ezahlukeneyo isemthethweni amaxwebhu, ezininzi ezaye kuphela ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo amaxwebhu, ingakumbi guiding circulars ka-matyala imizimba. Yiyo loo nto, la isemthethweni amaxwebhu equlethwe overlapping izibonelelo, failing inkqubo yolwaphulo-nkqubo kwi-systematic kwaye ethile hlobo. Nangona kunjalo, baya kukwandisa negalelo obulalayo ngokuchasene yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye okukhusela legitimate amalungelo izinto ezichaphazela abemi. (national zokuhlaziya), ukwakha isizwe kwimakethi uqoqosho ivula yayo ucango kuba ngamazwe uhlalutyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho imeko kwaye indalo ndakubona utshintsho olukhulu. Ngoko ke, abaninzi izibonelelo ngoku, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho wabonakala ayisasebenzi ezilungele ukuba zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye obulalayo. Emva lokwaluka lizwe ke kuqala Penal Ikhowudi ngowe, Indlu yowiso-mthetho amayelenqe, ulwaphulo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi ngomhla we- juni, apho ukusebenza ngojanuwari. Wokuqala, ulwaphulo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi exelwe elizeleyo, systematic kwaye ethile, uhlobo, ulwaphulo-mthetho procedural amaziko, kuquka imigaqo kwi-mthetho kwakunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, inkqubo-ukwenza umsebenzi imizimba kwaye abantu, inkqubo-nxaxheba, proceeding ukuze nemigaqo-nkqubo (iziko, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko, uphando, prosecution, kuqala-isehlo kwaye appellate iimvavanyo), uphumezo, ulwaphulo-mthetho izigwebo ulawulo, kwaye reopening yovavanyo nemigaqo-nkqubo, cassation, kwaye Uhlole xolisa nemigaqo-nkqubo, njalo-njalo. Perpetuating odlulileyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho kwaye usebenzisa okulungileyo kwaye efanelekileyo sijongane namava ka-iinqwelo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nemithetho, ulwaphulo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi yaba substantial inyathelo ka-phambili kwi-formulation, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho kwi-Vietnam. Kuya kwenziwa kwaye kubalulekile ukuba imirhumo zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye obulalayo Nangona kunjalo, emva ishumi iminyaka' ucwangco, ulwaphulo-Mthetho Ikhowudi yatyhila numerous kwezixhobo zokusebenza kwaye loopholes, failing ukuhlangabezana iimfuno ngenkxaso-national zokuhlaziya, abachopheli-komhlaba ngamazwe uhlalutyo, nkqu nangona kwakunjalo revised ixesha kwaye kwakhona kwi, we- kwaye.
Prompted yi-imfuneko yayo substantial kwaye ngenkxaso uphengululo, Isivietnamese yowiso-mthetho amayelenqe entsha, ulwaphulo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi ngonovemba, apho beza kuyo umkhosi ngojulayi.
Kunye amanqaku arranged kwi-isibhozo kwaye amaqela amathathu anesixhenxe izahluko, ulwaphulo-Mthetho umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi sele iphawulwe a inkqubela ngokomthetho ideology, imixholo kunye lowiso-mthetho techniques, ukufezekisa iimfuno zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye obulalayo kwi xesha yokwakha umthetho-ruled karhulumente kwi-Vietnam. Oko lijolise settle, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko kwi-i-injongo, swift kwaye ngendlela enobulungisa, ukukhusela uluntu umdla, legitimate amalungelo izinto ezichaphazela abemi ngokunjalo umthetho nocwangco.
