Enye usebenza ingcali ke opinions nezinye ingcaphephe
Eli nqaku ibonisa langaphandle amashishini i-necessity ka-imbambano isisombululo clauses iselwa ngokucacileyo kwaye unika uncedo kwi-ngokukhetha efanelekileyo izinto ezizezinye ukuba Isivietnam zasekuhlaleni iinkundlaUninzi izivumelwano kwi-North America kunye Yurophu chaza kuzo zonke inkcukacha zamaqela' izibophelelo kwaye iya kuba ngokusondeleleneyo ncamathiselamessage status kuba ukusebenza kwayo clauses. Nemvumelwano ke isemthethweni enforceability, nangona kunjalo, widely ithathwe njengoko onikiweyo. Kwesinye isandla, izivumelwano phakathi langaphandle abatyali-mali kwaye Isivietnam amaqumrhu okanye nge kubhekiswa Vietnam ukuba amise Isivietnam kolawulo lwesixeko kufuneka usoloko cacisa umbuzo"yintoni na iziko uza isigqibo na disputes kwaye apho ulwimi kwaye yintoni umthetho wesizwe uya owafumanayo."Kule imeko, ngaphandle imbambano isisombululo lokulingana, Isivietnamese iinkundla iya kuba kolawulo lwesixeko phezu kunokwenzeka imbambano. Kodwa amaqela anomdla kufuneka ucinge particularities ka-Isivietnam iinkundla kwi-uthelekiso ukuba Koloni umthetho umthetho iinkundla. Ngokunxulumene Ebonisa Ngamazwe, umngcipheko yonakalisiwe izigqibo omzimba, kwaye phantse omnye-anesihlanu ka-surveyed Isivietnam amakhaya ukuba zithe ukuba inkundla wabhengeza okokuba kokuba ihlawulwe bribes ubuncinane kanye (Global Urhwaphilizo Barometer ngo-). Abaninzi amashishini ke ngoko uphephe Isivietnam iinkundla, njengoko ubukho be bribes deters kwabo (Global Ingqiqo ngo- USAID ke Vietnam Wephondo Nokhuphiswano Isalathisi ngo-). Ngaphandle ngelishwa ngokuzingisileyo umngcipheko urhwaphilizo, Isivietnamese ezomthetho, nangona improvement iinzame, uyaqhuba ukuba umzabalazo wenkululeko kunye ezongezelelweyo iingxaki: Ezininzi Isivietnam lwabagwebi uswele sanele isemthethweni uqeqesho kwaye kutyunjwa ngokuthi personal nabo kunye iqela iinkokeli okanye ngokusekelwe zabo ezopolitiko izimvo, njengoko i- nzulu yi-United States Dept. Kakhulu low-matyala imivuzo kunye neekhosi-ofisi mimiselo emihlanu ukuba kufuneka kwenziwa mtsha ngokusebenzisa omtsha ukuqeshwa amplify ezomthetho ke dependence kwi Communist Iqela ke sympathy kwaye ngomhla bribes. Ngaphaya koko, kukho systemic ingxaki ukuba umthetho-mthetho kwaye enye-iqela-system ingaba mutually exclusive, ngenxa isebenziseke nokungabikho okunokukhethwa kuko kwamagunya (Andersson ka-). Igama elithi umthetho umthetho yakhe Isivietnam uguqulelo ithetha imithetho karhulumente, ngoko ke imithetho Communist Iqela ukuqhuba omnye-iqela state. Kokuqwalasela ezi imibandela, putting enokwenzeka disputes ezandleni Isivietnam ezomthetho ayikho advisable, ngenxa malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-yonakalisiwe izigqibo kwaye ezopolitiko uxinzelelo okanye incompetent lwabagwebi kufuneka kwakhona ukuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Kubalulekile kananjalo kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, iyafana namanye amazwe kunye elizimeleyo inkundla system kwaye ugxininiso olumandla kwi umthetho-mthetho, iinkampani babe ikhethe ukubona delicate imicimbi arbitrated, kunokuba khangela zabo abarhwebayo disputes kuba umcimbi-wonke mbali.
Ilungelo arbitration umbindi ibonelela elizimeleyo izigqibo kwaye elinolwazi competence.
Kubalulekile idla kunokwenzeka ukuba khetha echibini ka-arbitrators yenziwe yi-omabini amaqela kwi-lokulingana, apho babe kukhokelela a ngokubanzi ukwamkelwa a kunokwenzeka arbitrational isigqibo.
Kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele arbitrator candidates ngokusekelwe zabo iinkalo zobuchule kwi-afanelekileyo ishishini entsimini.
Uninzi arbitration centers anike renowned ingcaphephe kuba ezithile imihlaba umsebenzi. Ukukhetha i-efanelekileyo arbitration venue ngundoqo ezikhoyo kwi-designing nayiphi na imbambano isisombululo lokulingana inkampani unokugqiba phezu Isivietnam arbitrational inkundla, umzekelo i-Isivietnam Ngamazwe Arbitration Centre (VIAC), okanye i-offshore arbitrational inkundla, ezifana Singapore Ngamazwe Arbitration Centre (SIAC). Ukuba zeziphi venue yi best fit, ezi zinto zilandelayo imibandela kufuneka uziqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu: Kuba iiprojekthi ezinkulu kunye i-mali isixa ngaphezu roughly dollazi million, ukukhetha i-ngamazwe arbitration inkundla inje elicetyiswayo. Ngeli umphakamo, ingxaki of iindleko koxinzelelo (bona infra) kusenokwenzeka ukuba abe ongahoywanga ngokufaneleyo. I-ngamazwe isigqeba ke isigqibo kanjalo ngakumbi sifuna kwamkelwa lisebe amaqela, njengokuba nokungabikho competence kwi arbitrator ke inxenye naziphi na (ekude) malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza opolitiko uxinzelelo arbitrators ke eliminated. Enye enkulu ifekta ngu indawo contractual weqabane lakho impahla yexabiso ukuba zibe seized xa enforcing a kunokwenzeka arbitrational kweelwimi. Ukuba impahla yexabiso ingaba ikakhulu ebekwe kwi-Vietnam, langaphandle arbitrational inkundla ke isigqibo kufuneka isetyenzisiwe kukho - tougher umsebenzi kunokuba enforcing a domestic kweelwimi. Enyanisweni, Vietnam waba lilungu Enew York Sivumelwano ngomhla ukuthathela ingqalelo kwaye Ukunyanzeliswa Langaphandle Arbitral Mbasa ka- (NYC) ngowe, kwaye ke ngoko langaphandle arbitrational mbasa ye- ilungu states unako ngokubanzi kuba isetyenzisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko a substantial libazisa kwi-kokugqiba ukunyanzeliswa, njengoko isicelo Kubulungiseleli Lobulungisa kwaye ezinye iinkcazelo kwaye inkundla umhla ezikhokelela i-appealable isigqibo ziyimfuneko kuba ucwangco. Ngaphaya koko, linalo igunya Isivietnam ukunyanzeliswa inkundla inakho kuyala arbitrational kweelwimi. Ngokunxulumene V Inqaku le-NYC, oku kunokwenzeka kwimeko i-arbitrational kweelwimi ke ukwaphulwa komthetho domestic imithetho okanye yoluntu, ii-odolo. I-Isivietnam Zasekuhlaleni Ikhowudi kubhekiselelwe kulo njengoko"imigaqo Isivietnam imithetho", Isivietnamese ezomthetho lwenze ngokubanzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo (Tam Shu Ching et al. Ngobunye kunjalo, umzekelo, iyeka i-arbitrational kweelwimi ka-langaphandle inkampani waba ngokusekelwe a ilahlekile ukwakhiwa mvume (Tyco Iinkonzo Singapore Pte Ltd v Leighton Omhlaba Sasevietnam). Omnye bathabathe kwi kwesigqibo ukuba iindleko kwi - offshore arbitration differ widely.
Kuba ixabiso imbambano ka-malunga nama-dollazi ezine zeerandi, umzekelo, iindleko arbitration ngomhla VIAC ngu roughly dollazi, ukuba omnye arbitrator unikezelwa ukuba kunjalo, njengoko endaweni malunga dollazi, kwi-SIAC.
Hayi kuphela kukho iindleko kuba i-offshore arbitration substantially ngaphezulu, kodwa ukuba ukhetho unako ukwenza iindleko ezongezelelweyo amaqela, ezifana ukuhamba inkcitho amaqela, amangqina nabaqondisi-mthetho. Ngaphaya koko, iiyure amazinga ka-wobulali abaqondisi-mthetho kwi-ngamazwe arbitration inkundla ikholisa ngaphezulu kwama-amazinga ka-Isivietnam abaqondisi-mthetho, (Shushi et al. Umngcipheko expensive litigation unako ubeke abangaphantsi okungamanzi iinkampani phantsi koxinzelelo ukwamkela nkqu unfavorable settlements. Ke ngoko, cheaper onshore arbitration unako rhoqo kuba ngaphezulu beneficial ukuba iinkampani kunye abangaphantsi-mali noovimba. Isivietnam arbitration iinkundla, ezifana VIAC, kuba eliphezulu isemthethweni competence. Kodwa domestic arbitrational iinkundla ayikwazi kanti anike internationally lunxulumano ingcaphephe kwi efanayo inqanaba njengoko langaphandle tribunals. Eyona isizathu lo comparatively low imali emiselweyo i-arbitrator kwi-Vietnam. Izigqibo malunga nendlela ushishino eyenziweyo obukhulu ugqityo okanye izivumelwano lwesiqulatho apho kugxilwa kwi highly specialized imihlaba ngakumbi kusenokwenzeka ukuba abe mutually wavuma ukuba amaqela khetha ngakumbi expensive langaphandle arbitrator kunye ezikhethekileyo iinkalo zobuchule.
Xa imeko-owned ezingama-ingaba obandakanyekayo, i-offshore arbitration lokulingana kufuneka isetyenziswe.
Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba arbitrator uphatho kunjalo yi free na authoritarian exertion ka-impembelelo yi-imo-owned umntu. Kwi-inkumbulo, ukulandelela ingxaki le ukunyanzeliswa isihlalo kwi-Vietnam omzimba, kodwa ngoku uphuhliso ibonisa ukuba kweelwimi strengthens a yenkampani negotiating indawo ngemicimbi iqabane lakho. Enye usebenza ezifihliweyo imeko-owned ezingama - iinkampani ukuba ingaba de fact influenced yi-government, umzekelo abo share ubunini ngokusebenzisa imeko-owned ezingama - subsidiaries. I-contractual weqabane lakho isimo njengoko"imeko-owned"kufuneka usoloko ziqwalaselwe kakhulu ngenyameko.
Ngendlela ekhethekileyo iimeko, apho intellectual property ngu ochaphazelekayo, izivumelwano kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba akukho esemthethweni interim manyathelo kuzisikela ngaphandle yi-arbitration lokulingana.
Arbitration iinkundla bamele kanjalo unako mba interim amanyathelo.
Kodwa njengoko kunjalo kukho, i-ukuvula lokulingana kufuneka uqwalaselwe apho Isivietnam ezinkundleni okanye abasemagunyeni ezifana Yentengiso Ulawulo Bureau ngokuqhelekileyo anike ngaphezulu kulo nyaka interim uncedo.
Isivietnam umthetho uvumela imbambano isisombululo clauses kwi-abarhwebayo izivumelwano explicitly ngokusebenzisa Umthetho QH kwi Abarhwebayo Arbitration, ("LCA"). I-ngobuchule imbambano isisombululo lokulingana withdraws Isivietnam iinkundla' kolawulo meko kwaye amise i-wonyulwa arbitral isigqeba ke kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko. I-LCA kulandela UNCITRAL imodeli umthetho njengoko i-ngamazwe esezantsi kuba procedural miyalelo, kwaye lawmakers' injongo ingaba ngenene arbitration-banobuhlobo. Xa isigqibo lwenziwa malunga nokuba kwaye apho i-arbitration isigqeba kufuneka kusetyenziswa kuba disputes lwayo oluvela nemvumelwano, ezi zinto zilandelayo amanqaku abe zicacisiwe: imbambano isisombululo lokulingana uba kakuhle ukuba iimfuno Amanqaku, ishumi elinesibhozo, nineteen LCA kuyahlangatyezwana nazo, umz nge-kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo. Umbuzo nokuba nolwazi imbambano isisombululo lokulingana kwi-izivumelwano kwi-Vietnam kusenokuba waphendula nge ecacileyo ewe. Nangona kunjalo, igqiba ngasekunene ndawo imbambano isisombululo unako involve kakhulu ugqityo, njengoko imiba eliqela kufuneka thoroughly mbasa. Omnye hopes ukuba ke arbitration-eyobuhlobo LCA ugcina yayo izithembiso njengoko kubhaliwe kusetyenziswe, kwaye ukuba Isivietnam ezomthetho uza reliably enforce domestic kwaye langaphandle arbitrational mbasa ngokufanayo. Ngokwenza njalo ithumele ilungelo uphawu ukuba iinqwelo abatyali-mali kunye ngokungathandabuzekiyo malunga ukuzibophelela litigation kwi-Vietnam.
